Rotter+-+Jackie

=**Rotter**=
 * Rotter was born in 1916 in the United States, as the third son of Jewish immigrant parents.
 * Rotter attended Brooklyn College in 1933, where he earned his undergraduate degree.
 * Earned a Masters degree at the University of Iowa, studying there under Kurt Lewin.He then earned a doctorate in 1941 at Indiana University.
 * Rotter was influenced by Alfred Adler, Clark Hull, B.F. Skinner, and Edward Tolman.
 * After earning his doctorate, Rotter became an adviser to the United States Army during World War II.
 * Rotter worked as a psychologist, except for 17 weeks in officer candidate training as a tank officer.
 * At Ohio State University, he taught and served as the chairman of the clinical psychology program. At Ohio State, Rotter was influenced by George Kelly. Rotter then went to the University of Connecticut, where he remained for his career. Rotter's seminal work, //Social Learning and Clinical Psychology// was published in 1954.
 * In 1963, he became the Program Director of Clinical Psychology at the University of Connecticut. Rotter also served as Chairman of the Division of Social Psychology and Personality in the American Psychological Association. He also served terms as the president of the APA division of social and personality psychology, the APA division of clinical psychology, and the Eastern Psychological Association -

In 1966, Rotter published his famous I-E scale in the journal "Psychological Monographs", to assess internal and external locus of control. This scale has been widely used in the psychology of personality, although its use of a two-alternative forced choice technique has made it subject to criticism. Rotter himself was astounded by how much attention this scale generated, claiming that it was like lighting a cigarette and seeing a forest fire. He himself believed that the scale was an adequate measure of just two concepts, achievement motivation (which he took to be linked with internal locus of control) and outer-directedeness, or tendency to conform to others (which he took to be associated with external locus of control). Critics of the scale have frequently voiced concern that locus of control is not as homogenous a concept as Rotter believed.